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Testing and quality control: what is verified before shipping

A transformer cannot be checked on arrival. It is checked at the plant, on a high-voltage test floor, before it is crated. Here are the test facilities of our qualified partner factories, the tests that are actually run, and the points where we are physically present.

High-voltage test transformer and toroidal electrode in the test hall

The high-voltage laboratory

Dielectric testing cannot be improvised: it needs a dedicated shielded hall, clearances of several metres, and the means to generate very high voltage. It is the first thing we look at when we qualify a plant — if it cannot run the test in-house, it cannot guarantee the result.

Marx-stage lightning impulse generator and damped voltage divider
Capacitive divider and coupling capacitor for partial discharge measurement
High-voltage wall bushings at the entrance of the shielded test hall
Why the test hall matters. Many suppliers outsource dielectric testing to an external laboratory, and therefore only test a sample. An in-house test hall means every unit produced can be tested, with no extra logistics cost and no added lead time.

Routine tests, on every unit

Routine tests as defined by IEC 60076-1 are performed on every unit, not on a sample. They are recorded in a named test report carrying the serial number of your transformer.

Ratio & vector groupRatio checked on every tap and the vector group (Dyn11…)
Winding resistanceDetects a cold joint, a broken strand, a wrong conductor section
No-load loss & no-load currentThe value guaranteed against Tier 2 — this is where it is decided
Load loss & short-circuit impedanceUk in %, decisive for parallel operation and fault-current calculation
Applied voltage (power frequency)Withstand of the main insulation, winding to winding and winding to earth
Induced voltageWithstand of the turn-to-turn and layer-to-layer insulation
Partial discharge (dry-type / cast resin)Measured in pC; on a dry-type unit this is the number one ageing indicator
Leak tightness (oil-immersed)Tank pressurised, gaskets and valves checked

Type tests (temperature rise, lightning impulse, short-circuit withstand) and special tests: on a unit representative of the design, or to order. See the guide on FAT & witness testing.

Hold points and witness testing: where we step in

A test report is only worth something if somebody watched the test happen. Our inspection plan defines hold points — stages the plant cannot pass without our written release:

  • Before encapsulation / before tanking: inspection of windings and core while everything is still visible.
  • Full routine test campaign: we attend, with 10 working days' contractual notice.
  • Rating plate verification: line by line against Regulation (EU) 548/2014 and IEC 60076-1. A wrong plate makes the unit non-compliant regardless of everything else.
  • Pre-packing inspection: accessories, markings, blocking, transport protection.
Cast resin dry-type transformer lifted by overhead crane onto the test platform

On request, these tests can also be witnessed by an independent third party (KEMA, TÜV, DNV, Bureau Veritas) or by your own representative. The option is selectable in the configurator.

Where we stand. We do not own a factory: we write the specification, we impose the inspection plan, and we are on site at the hold points. It is precisely because manufacturing is entrusted to a third party that the control has to be formalised, written and dated.

What is checked outside the laboratory

A large share of the non-conformities we raise are not electrical. They concern the enclosure, the accessories and the marking — and they cost just as much to fix once the unit is on site.

  • Enclosure and protection rating: declared IP, earth continuity, interlocks, warning plates in the site language.
  • Off-circuit tap changer: operation across all 5 positions, phase agreement.
  • Thermal chain: PT100 sensors, alarm and trip thresholds, functional test of the monitoring box.
  • Connections: MV cable box, LV busbar, clearance distances, cleanliness before closing.

Component detail on the cast resin and spare parts pages.

What ships with the unit

  • Routine test report, named, with the serial number and the measured values.
  • EU Declaration of Conformity and the associated technical file — see Compliance.
  • Photograph of the rating plate, approved before shipping.
  • Installation and commissioning manual, plus the acceptance record to be signed.
  • Where applicable, the third-party witness report.

These documents govern the warranty: the commissioning record returned within 30 days triggers the extension to 30 months.

General overview of the facilities and the approach. The exact test list, guaranteed values and acceptance protocol are fixed in the specification for each order.

Frequently asked

Testing & quality control

Is every transformer tested, or only a sample?

Routine tests as defined by IEC 60076-1 are performed on every unit produced, and the test report carries your unit's serial number. Type tests (temperature rise, lightning impulse, short-circuit withstand) are performed on a unit representative of the design, not on every unit.

Can I attend the tests or send my own inspector?

Yes. You can attend, send your representative, or appoint a third-party body (KEMA, TÜV, DNV, Bureau Veritas). The option is selectable in the configurator and triggers 10 working days' notice before the test campaign.

What happens if a test fails?

The hold point stops production: the unit can neither be packed nor shipped until the non-conformity is closed. A non-conformity report is opened, the root cause is addressed, and the affected test is re-run in full.

Do you measure partial discharge on dry-type transformers?

Yes, it is a routine test on cast resin units. The level measured in pC is the best early indicator of an encapsulation defect, and therefore of the real service life of the winding.

Go further

Quality control sits inside a wider compliance and warranty framework.

Read next

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Quality verified before the unit leaves the plant

Routine tests on every unit, hold points held on site, witness testing optional.

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